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Anatomy:
Kapit, Wynn and Lawrence E. Elson.The Anatomy Coloring Book. New York: Addison Wesley
Educational Publishers, Inc., 1993.
Petherbridge, Deanna and Ludmilla Jordanova. The Quick and the Dead: Artists and Anatomy. Berkley: University of California Press,
1997.
Papier-Mâché:
Cusick, Dawn. Paper & Fabric Mâché: 100 Imaginative Ingenious Projects to Make.
New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 1994.
DeVoe, Shirley Spaulding. English Papier-Mâché of the Georgian and Victorian Periods.
Middletown, Connecticut: WesleyanUniversity Press, 1971.
McCormick, Alex. Papier-Mâché Style. Radnor, Pa.: Chilton Book Company, 1995.
Papier-Mâché Anatomical Models:
Davis, Audrey B., “Louis Thomas Jerôme Auzoux and the Papier-Mâché Anatomical Model", Rivista di Storia
delle Scienze Mediche e Naturali Review of the History of the Sciences Medicaland Natural, vol xx. From the Acts
of the International Congress on Ceroplastics Science and in Art, Florence, 3-7 June 1975.
Grob, Bart, The World of Auzoux: Models of Man and Beast in Papier-Mâché, Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, The Netherlands: 2000
Ishida, S. and Willim J. Mulder, Introduction of the Anatomie Clastique to Japan, in Journal of the Japan Society of Medical
History, 30 No. 1, Tokyo: 1984, 56-58.
Mulder, Willem J., L. Th. J. Auzoux’s Models Used for the Dissemination of Anatomic Knowledge, Proceedings 6th Congress E.A.M.H.S.M.
1992. Leiden, The Netherlands: 129-136.
Trade Catalogues in the NMAH Collections:
American Thermo-Ware Co., About Manikins. New York: 1906.
-The Architecture of Mankind, 1906.
Dr. G. H. Michel & Co., Anatomical Charts. Cleveland, Ohio: N.D.
Établissements du Docteur Auzoux. Materiel d’Enseignement. Paris: N.D.
James W. Queen & Co., Anatomie de Structure Chez L’ Homme par Le Docteur F.G. Lemercier. Philadelphia: N.D.
-Anatomie Clastique Du Docteur Auzoux. N.D.
The Kny-Scheerer Co., Catalogue of Anatomical Models. New York: 1910
New York Scientific Supply Co., Inc., American Biological Models for Human Anatomy, Embryology, Botany, Zoology. New York: 1936.
Denoyer-Geppert Company. Models, Skeletons, Charts, Specimens and Slides, Number 6B. Chicago: 1928.
-Dr. Auzoux Anatomical Models. Circa 1940
Richard Kny & Co., Descriptive
Catalogue No II Anatomical Models. New York: 1895.
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment. Catalogue
of Human Skeletons, Anatomical Models, Botanical Models, Busts
and Masks. Rochester, New York: 1893.
-Catalogue of Human Skeletons,
Anatomical Models and Busts. Rochester, New York: 1894.
-Catalogue of Human and Comparative Skeletons Osteological Specialties and Anatomical Models. Rochester, New York: 1902 & 1903
Preservation:
General guides in the following publications can be adapted for anatomical models.
Bachmann, Konstanze, ed. Conservation Concerns: A guide for Curators and Collectors. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.
CCI Notes. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Conservation Institute. (Series in a variety of conservation-related subjects) Visit www.cci-icc.gc/framset_e.shtml
Conserve O Gram (a series of leaflets) from the National Park Service. Visit www.cr.nps.gov/csd/publications
MacLeish, A. Bruce. The Care of Antiques and Historical Collections. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Altamira Press, 1985. Call 805-499-9774
Rose, Carolyn L. and Amparo W. de Torres, eds. Storage of Natural History Collections. Visit www.spnhc.org
Schultz, Arthur Warren and Robert McCormick Adams. Caring for your Collections. New York: Harry Abrams, Inc., 1992.
Wax Models:
Haviland, Thomas N. and Lawrence Charles Parish. A Brief Account of the Use of Wax Models in the Study of Medicine. in Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. Vol. XXV, Number 1 (1970): 52-75
Parish, Lawrence Charles. Gretchen Worden, Joseph A. Witkowski, Albrecht Scholz and Daniel H. Parish. Wax Models in Dermatology. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia Ser. 5, Vol. 13, No.1 (1991): 29-74
Museum Collections, Papier-Mâché Anatomical Models:
The following catalog is not a complete list of all papier-mâché anatomical collections. We decided to concentrate on the larger collections. There are many fine museums that have only one or two models...
Francis A. Countway Libray and Museum
Harvard University
The Countway Library and Museum has a collection of approximately
twenty Auzoux papier-mâché models including a series of comparative
anatomy of brains, hearts, the nervous and circulatory systems.
Museum Boerhaave
Leiden, The Netherlands
Museum Boerhaave has one of the most extensive collections of Auzoux papier-mâché anatomical models. Included
in their collection are male and female models, a human larynx, eye, spinal cord and cerebellum, a male Pelvis,
and a human heart. The collection of comparative anatomy models include the circulatory, nervous, digestive and
respiratory systems of wild and domestic animals. Most of the models date between 1850 and 1900.
Mütter Museum
The College of Physicians of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, PA 19103-3097
The Mütter Museum has an extensive collection of Auzoux papier-mâché
models many of which are on exhibit. The collection includes
a human eye, ear, hand, spinal cord, models of human embryos
and uteri, a human brain and models of the male and female pelvic
organs. Their veterinary collections contain a horses leg and
an enlarged bird egg.
National Museum of Health and Medicine
Walter Reed Army Medical Center
Washington, DC 20306-6000
The papier-mâché anatomical model collection at the National
Museum of Health and Medicine is large and diverse. The majority
of the models are in storage and include both human and veterinary
models. The collection contains a human hand and tongue, a cross-section
of a kidney and a larynx. The veterinary collection includes
the circulatory systems of a carp, a cuttlefish, a snake, and
the stomach of a bee and a horse. Their lone botanical model
is a group of mushrooms mounted on a plot of land made from
papier-mâché. The models date from 1875 to 1924.
National Museum of American History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, DC 20560
For a list of Papier-Mâché anatomical models from the Smithsonian
Institution see the Collections Page of this web site.
Science Museum
London, England
The Science Museum has a model of an eye, 1913; a human? spine a male model and a half-scale Arabian horse, circa 1850-1870.
The collection includes several papier-mâché anatomical models made in China and Japan.
Transylvania University
Moosnick Medical and Science Museum
Lexington, Kentucky
The collections include a life-size male model, a female model, feotal heart, a dissectable eye and models
of human embryos at various stages of gestation.
Utrecht University Museum
Utrecht, The Netherlands
The university has collections from the fields of human and veterinary anatomy as well as botanical models. These
collections include a 4' 3" male model, an enlarged ear, eye, larynx, lung, brain and models of flowers.
Veterinary examples include a snake, caterpillars an enlarged chicken egg, animal brains, stomachs and several
examples of horses legs.
Web Sites:
Conserving the Past for the Future.
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Visit www.clevelandart.org/ConsExhib/html/index.html
The Multi-Dimensional Human Embryo
Project. Embryo.soad.umich.edu/index.html
The Visible Human Project
www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html
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