The movement for African American civil rights began long before the Brown decision and continues long after. Still, the defeat of the separate-but-equal legal doctrine undercut one of the major pillars of white supremacy in America. In the decades that followed, a heroic ongoing campaign for civil rights has lifted the nation closer to its ideals of freedom.
NAACP pamphlet
This NAACP membership application from 1955 celebrated the victory in the Brown case and called on “every freedom-loving American to put into everyday practice both the letter and the spirit” of the Court’s decision.
Little Rock, Arkansas
Some of the first pioneers to cross the color line were young children and teenagers who showed courage beyond their years. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent U.S. Army troops to enforce school integration in Little Rock, Arkansas. The soldiers escorted nine African American students past threatening mobs at Central High School in September 1957, and newspapers around the world carried photographs of the event.(Courtesy of Library of Congress)
The Problem We All Live With
Norman Rockwell painted The Problem We All Live With in 1964. It depicts federal marshals guarding six-year-old Ruby Bridges on her way to elementary school in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1960.| Back to top |  Continue to
Freedom Struggle (page 2)
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