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Oliver Otis Howard

Oliver Otis Howard



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Freemen voting

"The First Vote"


Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” 
Jackson (1824-1863)
CLASS OF 1854

Howard completed four years at Bowdoin College before attending West Point. Unlike many Northern graduates, he stayed in the army. Two years later he married Elizabeth Ann Waite. They had two children. Howard soon returned to West Point to teach math, a tour of duty cut short by war.

Well connected politically, he rose rapidly to corps command, despite losing his right arm in an 1862 battle. Strong religious, civil rights, and temperance views led to his choice as head of the new Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865. His record as commissioner was, like his army record, mixed. But a real concern for African American education made him active in founding Howard University. Spending the 1870s in several western Indian campaigns, Howard became West Point superintendent in 1881.


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Thomas Murray Tolman




Key Figures






Oliver Otis Howard
Oliver Otis Howard
1830–1909
Class of 1854



Robert Edward Lee
Thomas Murray Tolman
1841–1883
Class of 1865





Smithsonian National Museum of American 
History


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